Small Animal Clinical Nutrition

The most comprehensive and practical small animal nutrition resource available.

Chapter 19: Introduction to Feeding Normal Cats References


Adamec RE. The interaction of hunger and preying in the domestic cat (Felis catus): An adaptive hierarchy? Behavioural Biology 1976; 18: 263-272.

Anderson RS. Water balance in the dog and cat. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1982; 23: 588-598.

APPMA. (American Pet Products Manufacturers Association). Industry Statistics and Trends, 2003.

Beliveau GP, Freedland RA. Metabolism of serine, glycine and threonine in isolated cat hepatocytes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1982; 71B: 13-18.

Brosey BP, Hill RC, Scott KC. Gastrointestinal volatile fatty acid concentration and pH in cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 2000; 61: 359-361.

Buddington RK, Diamond J. Ontogenetic development of nutrient transporters in cat intestine. American Journal of Physiology 1992; 263: G605-G616.

Carpenter JA. Species differences in taste preferences. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1956; 49(2): 139-440.

Center for Information Management. U.S. Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook. Schaumburg, IL: American Veterinary Medical Association, 2002.

CFA. (Cat Fanciers Association). 2005.

DaSilva AC, Fried R, deAngelis RC. The domestic cat as a laboratory animal for experimental nutrition studies. III Niacin requirement and tryptophan metabolism. Journal of Nutrition 1952; 46: 399-409.

Diehl KJ, Wheeler SJ. Evaluation of three enteral feeding formulas in cats (abstract). In: Proceedings. Tenth Annual Veterinary Medical Forum, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, San Diego, CA, 1992: 813.

Fascetti AJ, Maggs DJ, Kanchuk ML, et al. Excess dietary lysine does not cause lysine-arginine antagonism in adult cats. Journal of Nutrition 2004; 134: 2042S-2045S.

Fitzgerald BM. Diets of domestic cats and their impact on prey population. In: Turner DC, Bateson P, eds. The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988; 123-150.

Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Papasouliotis K, Sparkes AH. Characterization of the intestinal flora of the cat and its potential for modification. In: Reinhart GA, Carey DP, eds. Recent Advances in Canine and Feline Nutrition, vol II. Wilmington, DE: Orange Frazier Press, 1998; 473-483.

Hendriks WH, Moughan PJ, Tarttelin MF, et al. Felinine: A urinary amino acid of Felidae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1995; 112: 581-588.

How KL, Hazewinkel HAW, Mol JA. Dietary vitamin D dependence of the cat and dog due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. General and Comparative Endocrinology 1994; 96: 12-18.

How KL, Hazewinkel HAW, Mol JA. Photosynthesis of vitamin D3 in cats. Veterinary Record 1994a; 134: 384.

Johnston K, Lamport A, Batt RA. An unexpected bacterial flora in the proximal small intestine of normal cats. Veterinary Record 1993; 132: 362-363.

Johnston KL, Swift NC, Forster-van Hijfte M, et al. Comparison of the bacterial flora of the duodenum in healthy cats and cats with signs of gastrointestinal tract disease. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2001; 218: 48-51.

Kane E, Morris JG, Rogers QR. Acceptability and digestibility by adult cats of diets made with various sources and levels of fat. Journal of Animal Science 1981a; 53: 1516-1523.

Kane E, Rogers QR, Morris JG, et al. Feeding behavior of the cat fed laboratory and commercial diets. Nutrition Research 1981; 1: 499-507.

Kendall PT, Holme DW, Smith PhM. Comparative evaluation of net digesta and absorptive efficiency in dogs and cats fed a variety of contrasting diet types. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1982; 23: 577-587.

Kienzle E. Activity of carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes in cats as a function of age and feeding. In: Edney ATB, ed. Nutrition, Malnutrition and Dietetics in the Dog and Cat. Proceedings of an International Symposium. Hannover, Germany, September 1987: 19-22.

Kienzle E. Carbohydrate metabolism of the cat 1. Activity of amylase in the gastrointestinal tract of the cat. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 1993a; 69: 92-101.

Kienzle E. Carbohydrate metabolism of the cat 3. Digestion of sugars. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 1993b; 69: 203-210.

Kienzle E. Carbohydrate metabolism of the cat 4. Activity of maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and lactase in the gastrointestinal tract in relation to age and diet. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 1993; 70: 89-96.

Leyhausen P. Cat Behavior: The Predatory and Social Behavior of Domestic and Wild Cats. New York, NY: Garland Press, 1979; 6-53.

Lund EM, Armstrong PJ, Kirk CA, et al. Health status and population characteristics of dogs and cats examined at private veterinary practices in the United States. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1999; 214: 1336-1341.

MacDonald ML, Anderson FC, Rogers QR, et al. Essential fatty acid requirements of cats: Pathology of essential fatty acid deficiency. American Journal of Veterinary Research 1984a; 45: 1310-1317.

MacDonald ML, Rogers QR, Morris JG. Nutrition of the domestic cat, a mammalian carnivore. Annual Review of Nutrition 1984; 4: 521-562.

MAF. (Morris Animal Foundation). Profiling survey results. Morris Animal Foundation, Denver CO. October 4, 2005.

Maxwell JC Jr. Maxwell Report. Petfood Industry 1998; 40(7): 40-47.

Mech DL. The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press, 1970; 181-192.

Morris JG, Rogers QR. Comparative aspects of nutrition and metabolism of dogs and cats. In: Burger IH, Rivers JPW, eds. Nutrition of the Dog and Cat. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989; 35-66.

Morris JG, Rogers QR. Nutritional implications of some metabolic anomalies of the cat. In: Proceedings. Fiftieth Annual Meeting, American Animal Hospital Association, San Antonio, TX, 1983: 325-331.

Morris JG. Vitamin D synthesis by kittens. Veterinary Clinical Nutrition 1996; 3: 88-92.

Mugford RA. External influences on the feeding of carnivores. In: Dare MR, Maller O, eds. The Chemical Senses and Nutrition. New York, NY: Academic Press Inc, 1977; 25-50.

NRC. (National Research Council). Nutrient Requirements of Cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986.

NRC. (National Research Council). Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006.

Robertson ID. Survey of predation by domestic cats. Australian Veterinary Journal 1998; 76: 551-554.

Rogers QR, Wigle AR, Laurger A, et al. Cats select for adequate methionine but not threonine. Journal of Nutrition 2004; 134: 2046S-2049S.

Sinclair AJ, McLean JG, Monger EA. Metabolism of linoleic acid in the cat. Lipids 1979; 14: 932-936.

Stryer L. Amino acid degradation and the urea cycle. In: Biochemistry. San Francisco, CA: WH Freeman and Co, 1975; 407-429.

Tabor R. The Wild Life of the Domestic Cat. London, UK: Arrow Books, 1983.

Turner DC, Meister O. Hunting behaviour of the domestic cat. In: Turner DC, Bateson P, eds. The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988; 111-122.

Zoran DL. The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2002; 221: 1559-1567.



Box 19-1 Bibliography

Beaver BV, ed. Feline ingestive behavior. Feline Behavior: A Guide for Veterinarians. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co, 1992.

Beaver BV. Grass eating by carnivores. Veterinary Medicine 1987; 76: 968-969.

Hart BL, Hart LA. Canine and Feline Behavioral Therapy. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger, 1985.

Hart BL, Pedersen NC. Behavior. In: Pedersen NC, ed. Feline Husbandry: Diseases and Management in the Multiple-Cat Environment. Goleta, CA: American Veterinary Publications, 1991; 289-323.

Kuo ZY. The Dynamics of Behavior, “An Epigenetic View.” New York, NY: Random House, 1967.

Mugford RA. External influences on the feeding of carnivores. In: Dare MR, Maller O, eds. The Chemical Senses and Nutrition. New York, NY: Academic Press Inc, 1977; 25-50.

Nelson RW. Disorders of metabolism. In: Nelson RW, Couto CG, eds. Essentials of Small Animal Internal Medicine. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book, 1992; 611-612.

Neville PF, Bradshaw JWS. Fabric eating in cats. Veterinary Practice Staff 1994; 6: 26-29.

Rozin P, Kalat JW. Specific hungers and poison avoidance as adaptive specializations of learning. Psychological Reviews 1971; 78: 459-486.



Box 19-2 Bibliography

AAFCO. (Association of American Feed Control Officials). Official Publication. 2007.

Backus RC, Morris JG, Kim SW, et al. Dietary taurine needs of cats vary with dietary protein quality and concentration. Veterinary Clinical Nutrition 1998; 5: 18-22.

Dieter JA, Stewart DR, Haggart MA, et al. Pregnancy failure in cats associated with long-term dietary taurine insufficiency. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1993; 47 (Suppl.): 457-463.

Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY. Retinal degeneration associated with taurine deficiency in the cat. Science 1975; 188: 949-951.

Hayes KC, Trautwein EA. Taurine deficiency syndrome in cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 1989; 19: 403-413.

Huxtable RJ. Physiological actions of taurine. Physiological Reviews 1992; 72: 101-163.

Kirk CA, Rogers QR, Morris JG. Relationship of dietary taurine to reproductive efficiency in the queen. International Symposium on Amino Acids, Vienna, Austria, August 1995.

Morris JG, Rogers QR, Pacioretty LM. Taurine: An essential nutrient for cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1990; 31: 502-509.

Morris JG, Rogers QR. The metabolic basis for the taurine requirement of cats. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1992; 315: 33-44.

NRC. (National Research Council). Nutrient Requirements of Cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986.

NRC. (National Research Council). Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006.

Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Rogers QR, et al. Myocardial failure in cats associated with low plasma taurine: A reversible cardiomyopathy. Science 1987; 237: 764-768.

Sisson DD, Thomas WP. Myocardial diseases. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, eds. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co.

Sturman JA, Gargano AD, Messing JM, et al. Feline maternal taurine deficiency: Effect on mother and offspring. Journal of Nutrition 1986; 116: 655-657.

Sturman JA. Dietary taurine and feline reproduction and development. Journal of Nutrition 1991; 121: S166-S170.



Box 19-3 Bibliography

Czarnecki-Maulden GL. Nutritional fads: Facts behind the myths. Companion Animal Practice 1988: 45-51.

Gray CM, Sellon RK, Freeman LM. Nutritional adequacy of two vegan diets for cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2004; 225(11): 1670-1675.

Guilford WG, Roudebush P, Rogers QR. The histamine content of commercial pet foods. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 1994; 42: 201-224.

Kaplan AJ. Onion powder in baby food may induce anemia in cats (Letter to the editor). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1995; 207: 1405.

Kirk CA, Ling GV, Franti CE, et al. Evaluation of factors associated with development of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1995; 207: 1429-1434.

Kobayashi K. Onion poisoning in the cat. Feline Practice 1981; 11: 22.

MacDonald ML, Rogers QR, Morris JG. Nutrition of the domestic cat, a mammalian carnivore. Annual Review of Nutrition 1984; 4: 521-562.

Odle J. Betaine and carnitine. Feed management 1996; 47: 25-27.

Pitcairn RH, Pitcairn SH. In Dr. Pitcairn’s Complete Guide to Natural Health for Dogs & Cats. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1982.

Robertson JE, Christopher MM, Rogers QR. Heinz body formation in cats fed baby food containing onion powder. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1998; 212: 1260-1266.

Scarlett JM, Donoghue S, Saidla J, et al. Overweight cats: Prevalence and risk factors. International Journal of Obesity 1994; 18: S22-S28.

Stearns DM, Wise JP, Patierno SR, et al. Chromium (III) picolinate produces chromosome damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 1995; 9: 1643-1649.






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